Accountancy/:Book- keeping/Accounting:

Accountancy: Accountancy refers to a systematic knowledge of accounting. It explains ‘why to do’ and ‘how to do’ of various aspects of accounting. It tells us why and how to prepare the books of accounts and how to summarize the accounting information and communicate it to the interested parties. Book keeping: Book- keeping includes recording of journal, posting in ledgers and balancing of accounts. All the records before the preparation of trail balance is the whole subject matter of book- keeping. Thus, book- keeping many be defined as the science and art of recording transactions in money or money’s worth so accurately and systematically, in a certain set of books, regularly that the true state of businessman’s affairs can be correctly ascertained. Here it is important to note that only those transactions related to business are recorded which can be expressed in terms of money. Book- keeping is the science and art of correctly recording in books of account all those business transactions that result in the transfer of money or money’s worth”. R.N.Carter Objectives of Book- keeping: i) Book- keeping provides a permanent record of each transaction. ii) Soundness of a firm can be assessed from the records of assets and abilities on a particular date. iii) Entries related to incomes and expenditures of a concern facilitate to know the profit and loss for a given period. iv) It enables to prepare a list of customers and suppliers to ascertain the amount to be received or paid. v) It is a method gives opportunities to review the business policies in the light of the past records. vi) Amendment of business laws, provision of licenses, assessment of taxes etc., are based on records. Accounting: American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) which defines accounting as “the art of recording, classifying and summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of money, transactions and events, which are, in part at least, of a financial character and interpreting the results thereof”.